Posts Tagged ‘backhaul’

Carrier Grade Backhaul Using Free Space Optics, Millimeter Wave

Thursday, May 2nd, 2013
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Free space optical technology has been commercially available for decades, but has problems with fog, limiting its use. So AOptix packages optics with millimeter wave radio (which doesn’t work in rain), to provide carrier-grade availability of up to 99.999 percent (which translates into no more than 5.26 minutes of down time per year).

AOptix says its Intellimax ULL3000, which integrates both radio and optical transmitters, offers six times more channel capacity than microwave technology and two times more distance than millimeter wave technology at speeds 33 percent faster than fiber based technology.

AOptix Intellimax says the ULL3000 also supports latency 50 percent lower than fiber-based networks, at distances up to 10 km, irrespective of weather.

Now, in commercial applications, new tracking technology enables wireless communications equipment to be installed on any tower or structure while supporting up to ±3 degrees of twist and sway.

The technology has been successfully demonstrated under contract for the U.S. Department of Defense, enabling aircraft flying at high altitudes to transmit 10-80 Gbps of data error-free over hundreds of kilometers to air or ground platforms, Aoptix says.

AOptix is a partner in Project FOENEX (Free-Space Optical Experimental Network Experiment) with Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (APL) and L-3 Communications.

DARPA has undertaken the development of a 10 Gbps 1550 nm free-space optical communications link that works in conjunction with 270 Mb/s 15 GHz Common Data Link and a 100 Gb/s network router to form a hybrid optical/RF communications link, AOptix says.


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LTE Changes the Backhaul Network

Tuesday, April 16th, 2013
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Some would argue that Long Term Evolution changes the mobile backhaul network, principally by pushing radio resource control into the core of the network, and eliminating the 3G radio controllers.

Alert readers will note that this contributes architecturally to the “software defined network” concept, which likewise centralizes processing and data base functions in the core, allowing a potentially more simplified network.

In a white paper produced by Heavy Reading and sponsored by Juniper, senior analyst Patrick Donegan argues that the centralization of radio resource control also allows for creation of mesh or ring networks in the mobile backhaul network.

Support of higher bandwidths across the backhaul network is another obvious implication of changes wrought by LTE. That implies 10 Gbps in the core, 100 Gbps in the aggregation portion of the backhaul network and 1 Gbps at each urban macrocell site.

The other obvious change is the creation of a more heterogeneous network including a greater mix of macrocell and small cells. But a huge increase in backhaul bandwidths is the most obvious change.

Mobile data traffic doubled between the fourth quarter of 2011 and the fourth quarter of 2012, according to Ericsson, with quarter over quarter growth of 28 percent between the third and fourth quarters of 2012.

Separately, Cisco estimates that global mobile data traffic grew 70 percent in 2012.

That is significant because the overall growth of data is probably lower, on the order of 40 percent annually.

In large part, that traffic growth was driven by an increased number of smart phone devices in use. In the fourth quarter of 2012, mobile broadband subscriptions grew by about 125 million, a 50 percent year-over-year increase.

All other things being equal, that would have lead to a 50-percent increase in data consumption, since smart phones are virtually synonymous with use of mobile data.

A shift of users to new fourth generation Long Term Evolution networks should have an impact as well, since In 2012, a fourth-generation (4G) connection generated 19 times more traffic on average than a non-4G connection, according to Cisco estimates.

In 2017, 4G will be 10 percent of connections, but 45 percent of total traffic. In 2017, a 4G connection will generate eight times more traffic on average than a non-4G connection.


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Small Cell Networks Create New Testing Requirements

Tuesday, April 9th, 2013
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Small cell networks introduce many new additional endpoints into a macrocell mobile network, often changing backhaul networks, especially when the small cells are added in a “hub and spoke” architecture from existing macrocell sites.

That obviously creates new performance monitoring requirements, including visibility. Where a new set of small cell spokes is hubbed off an existing macrocell, blind spots are created, since traffic from the new small cell sites is aggregated at the macrocell.

That means performance measures reflect only the aggregated traffic at the hub.

Blind spots therefore affect the ability to segment, monitor, and test services between the aggregation point (at the core) and the hub, and between the hub and the spokes, said Olaf Herr, Product Marketing Director,JDSU.

“While backhaul activation and performance testing can be initiated from the core (or mobile switching center) to the spoke,because traffic is tunneled through the hub device (for instance in a MPLS/VPLS tunnel), often visibility into spoke backhaul performance is lost when traffic is aggregated trough hub cell site routers,” said Herr.

Long Term Evolution, the global fourth generation network protocol, introduces additional challenges, namely increased signaling traffic some of which is never backhauled to the network core, and hence not visible to centralized monitoring probes.

JDSU argues that makes a switch away from external probes necessary, and proposes use of “microprobes” that plug into existing gear such as routers.


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